O-Level History and Culture of Pakistan Paper 1 Chapter 6: Pakistan’s Problems and Politics so far 4 Marks Questions

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Q1. Why steps did Pakistan take to solve the refugee problem?

Ans.

1. Collected aid from the Pakistanis living in well conditions.

2. Joined UNO to take help from UNHCR. Quaid-e-Azam relief fund was established.

3. Made temporary shelter, gave medicines and training was given on government work.

Q2. What was the Canal Water Dispute?

Ans.

1. In 1948, April, India stopped Water from Ferozpur Headworks.

2. Pakistan’s agriculture was in great danger.

3. The dispute was solved by International Court of Justice in which water of 3 rivers was given to Pakistan.

4. Further more help and contract for building of 2 dams and some canals was also given.

Q3. What was the Kashmir Issue?

Ans.

1. In 1947 Poonch District, the Muslim tribesman rebelled against the Hindu Ruler Hari Singh.

2. India invaded Kashmir on Hari Singh’s plea. Pakistani forces also attacked.

3. Both armies captured as much as they could until UN put a ceasefire in 1949.

4. The state of Indian Controlled Kashmir was declared disputed.

5. A plebiscite has to held to solve this problem.

6. 2 wars have strung up due to Kashmir’s unsolved issue, 1965 an 1971 wars.

Q4. Who was Liaqat Ali Khan?

Ans.

1. Liaqat Ali Khan had been an active member of Muslim League working along Jinnah in many situations.

2. He was declared as the first Governor General.

3. Controlling a state like Pakistan in 1947 was a very hard job and he tried best to solve the problems specially constitution problem.

4. He was murdered in 1951 in what is now known as the Liaquat Bagh.

Q5. What was the One Unit Policy?

Ans.

1. A policy annulled by General Yahya which grouped the 4 provinces were merged into one unit.

2. This was done to make administration more central and effective.

3. To make devising a constitution easier.

4. It was done to remove ethnic differences.

5. The measure was not welcomed by the different people because of the deep differences.

Q6. Who was General Ayub Khan?

Ans.

1. Born in NWFP in 1907.

2. He was educated at Aligarh College. Later at Sandhurst, a British College for training Army officials.

3. Commissioned an army officer in 1928.

4. Fought against Japanese in WW 2.

5. In 1951 he became the First Pakistani Commander in chief.

6. He wrote his biography “Friends Not Masters”.

7. Was the first army chief to declare Martial law in Pakistan.

Q7. What was the Basic Democracies?

Ans.

1. Ayub Khan introduced the Basic Democracy System. 80,000 Basic democrats selected form East and West Pakistan.

2. Political Parties were not allowed.

3. They were to vote weather Ayub should remain President or not.

4. 95% voted for his presidency.

Q8. Why was Islamabad chosen as capital?

Ans.

1. It had a better climate.

2. To keep Officials away from Commercial influences.

3. To move Center of Administration from Industrially and commercially developed South to the Northern Punjab.

4. Was a site north of Rawalpindi.

5. A lot of money was spread on the new Capital.

Q9. What was the 6 point Programme?

Ans.

1. This was the demand of Shiekh Mujib-ur-Rehman of Awami League.

2. They were as a way suggestions suggesting that West Pakistan should have its own arm and currency.

3. Furthermore each half should keep its own revenue.

4. Federal and Foreign affairs of each half should be controlled by separate governments in each half.

5. Infact these were Points suggesting the two units to be totally different in all but name.

Q10. What was the Simla Accord?

Ans.

1. This was an agreement signed between Bhutto and Indira Gandhi after 1971 War.

2. In it release of the 93000 troops of Pakistan and returning the captured land of Lahore.

3. Pakistan made no concessions over Kashmir. Both countries agreed to have peaceful relations.

4. The Accord formed Bhutto as national hero.

Q11. Who was Shiekh Mujib?

Ans.

1. Born in 1920, he was a strong believer of Self Government for East-Pakistan.

2. He was the founder of Awami League.

3. He was successful in winning 1970 elections and uprising Bengalis against Pakistan.

4. He became the first Prime Minister Of Bangladesh. He was murdered in a military takeover on August 1975.

Q12. Who was Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto?

Ans.

1. Born in 1928, he was a brilliant politician.

2. Served as Minister of Commerce in 1958.

3. Served as Minister of Foreign Affairs in 1963-6.

4. Served as President and then Prime Minister from 1971-7.

5. Founder of Pakistan’s People Party.

6. Graduated in law from California and Oxford Universities.

7. He was hanged by General Zia in 1979 after being convicted to a murder.

Q13. Who was General Zia?

Ans.

1. He was the Chief of Army set up by Bhutto.

2. He removed Bhutto from the office by declaring Martial Law on country and charged him of murder.

3. .He became President of Pakistan from 1977 to 1988.

4. He adopted a strict policy of Islamization in the country.

5. He became famous in the World specially due to the Afghan Miracle.

6. He died in plane crash on 17th August 1988.

Q14. What was th u2 crises?

Ans.

1. U2 was the American Spy plane launched from Pakistan air base of Peshawar.

2. It was spying on Russia and shot down.

3. Gary Powers the pilot was arrested and found guilty of spying after photos were discovered.

4. Russia threatened Pakistan that they will attack on the country.

5. Pakistan refused to have any knowledge of the spy plane’s mission.

6. Relations with America also deteriorated.

Q15. What was RCD?

Ans.

1. It stands for the Regional Cooperation Development.

2. In 1964 it was set up by Pakistan, Turkey, Iran and Iraq.

3. Its purpose was to increase economic, educational and cultural link between these Muslim countries.

4. It was more successful in cultural an educational sector than trade and came to an end in 1979.

5. General Zia later revived it in 1985 naming it ECO (Economic Cooperation Organization.)

Q16. What was the CENTO?

Ans.

1. CENTO was A defense Agreement between Iran, Iraq, Pakistan and Turkey.

2. It stands for Central Asia Treaty Organization.

3. It was also called the Baghdad Pact.

4. CENTO failed to give protection to Pakistan in war with India.

5. It was disbanded in 1979.

Q17. What was the Pacca Qila Massacre?

Ans.

1. Happened in Hyderabad.

2. 40 Supporters of MQM including women and children were killed by Police.

3. Happened during the time of Benazir Government and she was blamed for it.

4. Led to Ghulam Ishaq dismissing Benazir’s government in August 1990.

Q18. What caused Benazir’s fall from the office in 1990?

Ans.

1. She was sacked and charged with corruption.

2. She was blamed for the violence in country specially the Pacca Qila Massacre.

3. She had to collimate with different parties to work in the country specially MQM which angered PPP members in Sindh.

4. Her husband Asif Ali Zardari was causing problems of corruption for her.

Q19. What were the Problems for Nawaz Sharif in his 2 governments?

Ans.

1. Problems by supporters of Benazir.

2. Failed to promote economic progress and religious ideas at the same time.

3. America opposed his government and aid was stopped. He was blamed for the murder of Army Chief, Asif Nawaz and so his government was dismissed.

4. In second government, he faced great foreign pressure due to the Nuclear Testing.

5. Relations with America got bad because he supported Taliban to hand over Osama bin Laden.

6. Blamed Musharaf on failure of fighting in Kashmir.

7. Tried to sack Musharraf while he was on a visiting trip to Sri Lanka and so was removed from the office by the army and exiled from the country.

Q20. What was the Objective Resolution?

Ans.

1. A resolution passed by Constitution Assembly.

2. Passed in March 1949.

3. Under PM: Liaquat Ali who declared it very important.

4. It made several references to Islam.

5. The resolution faced a lot of oppositions.