Matric Notes Class 10th English Book Exercise Chapter 10 A World Without Books? Grammar Writing Skills

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Grammar

Relative Pronouns

Relative pronoun performs following functions.

1. It refers to some noun, which comes right before this pronoun is called its antecedent.
2. It joins two sentences together.
3. Who, which, that, whose.

Example: Here is the book(noun) which(relative pronoun) I want to buy.

A. Choose the correct relative pronouns.

1. “Why are you so sad?” “I’ve lost the pen __ I bought this morning.

• Which
• That
• What
• Whose

2. Have you seen the man __ bought a book from the shop just now?

• That
• What
• Who
• Which

3. The man __ you were talking to at the meeting is my cousin.

• That
• What
• Whom
• Which

4. Fareed said __ he needed most was a long and quiet  holiday.

• That
• Which
• What
• Who

5. Have you got anything __ these poor women could take for their children?

• Which
• That
• Whom
• What

Adjective Clause

Adjective Clause (Dependent Clause)

A dependent Adjective clause begins with a relative pronoun such as who, whom, whose, that etc. It functions as an adjective and modifies noun or pronoun.

Example: Women(subject) who(relative pronoun) are not married(adjective clause) are called spinsters.

B. Pick out the adjective clause in each sentence.

1. A person who acknowledges his mistakes is admirable.

Ans. Who acknowledges his mistakes.

2. People who live in glass house should not throw stones.

Ans. Who live in glass houses.

3. The books that have been recommended are all out of stock.

Ans. That have been recommended.

4. The question that she posed was too difficult to answer.

Ans. That she posed.

5. Everyone who has been invited is present.

Ans. Who has been invited.

C. In the following sentences replace adjective clause by adjectives or adjective phrases.

1. He is a person who considers the interests of other people.

Ans. He is a considerate person.

2. Which is the road that leads most quickly to the station?

Ans. Which is the shortest road to the station?

3. The explanation he gave was not satisfactory.

Ans. He gave unsatisfactory explanation.

4. This is the place where our forefathers landed.

Ans. This is the landing place of our forefathers.

5. The reason why he failed is obvious.

Ans. The reason of his failure is obvious.

The Second Conditional

In the second conditional sentences we speculate about situations that will probably never happen at present or in future.

If Clause

• If + Subject + past tense.
• If Murtaza worked hard.

Indefinite Clause

• Subject + would/could/might + simple form of verb.
• He could win the contest.

D. Put in the correct second conditional verb form.

1. If he __ (be) younger, he __ (travel) more.

Ans. If he were younger, he would travel more.

2. If she __ (not/be) always so late, she __ (be) promoted.

Ans. If she were not always so late, she would be promoted.

3. If I __ (speak) perfect English, I __ (have) a good job.

Ans. If I spoke perfect English, I would have a good job.

4. If she __ (pass) the exam, she __ (be) able to enter university.

Ans. If she passed the exam, she would be able to enter university.

5. We __ (buy) a house if we __ (decide) to stay here.

Ans. We would buy a house if we decided to stay here.

E. Form questions in passive voice.

Example: coffee/grown/in South America/is

Is coffee grown in South America?

1. Were/caught/the thieves

Ans. Were the thieves caught?

2. Accepted/will/be/my apology

Ans. Will my apology be accepted?

3. The workers/by computers will/be replaced

Ans. Will the workers be replaced by the computers?

4. Was/the accident/by the police/yesterday/seen

Ans. Was the accident seen by the police yesterday?

5. Where/the first underground railway/opened/was

Ans. Where was the first underground railway opened.

Writing Skills

A. Read the letter to the editor and answer the questions given below.

Q1. What is the main idea of the letter?

Ans. The main idea of the letter is to develop the habit of reading among people.

Q2. According to the writer what has the youth lost by ignoring good books?

Ans. By ignoring good books, the youth has lost character building. They have lost the true sense of a society and a nation.

Q3. What are the factors responsible for diverting people’s attention from books?

Ans. Browsing the net, mobile phones, television and films are the major factors responsible for diverting people’s attention from books.

Q4. What is the responsibility of parents?

Ans. It is the responsibility of parents to make their children realize the importance of books. They should not allow them to use mobile phones.

Q5. Why should libraries be established widely?

Ans. Libraries are a true source of knowledge. They give us an access to the books of our own choice. Therefore, to encourage book reading we should establish libraries widely.

Q6. What solution does the writer suggest to promote the habit of book reading?

Ans. To promote the habit of book reading, the writer suggests that the misuse of internet and technology should be banned.

Q7. Encircle the transitional devices used in the letter. What is their function?

Ans. The function of transitional devices is to link one idea with the other. Following are the transitional devices used in the letter.

According to, furthermore, besides, in order to, however.

B. Write a letter to the editor about access to school libraries in the evening.

Examination Hall,

City A. B. C.

September 18, 2018

The Editor,

The News,

Lahore

Sir,

With due regards it is to bring in to your kind knowledge and to the masses about the access to the school libraries in the evening through your esteemed paper. It is a matter of great concern that school libraries are closed after school. Common people and students should have access to these libraries in the evening so that they can benefit from the books. Otherwise these books will be there and they will be the victim of dust and moth. Moreover, students and public will be able to sit and develop a habit of reading.

By doing so they will be able to use their time positively and become a hard working and positive citizens. Keeping in view Pakistan’s socio economic and geo political situation it is inevitable to engage people to help them stay away from criminal activity.

I hope your kind office and esteemed paper will be helpful to make it possible for the benefit of common people and national cause.

Thanking in anticipation.

Yours truly,

X. Y. Z.

C. Write an argumentative essay in “TV is taking away the Habit of Reading Books” (220-250 words).

Ans. “TV is taking away the Habit of Reading Books”

21st century is said to be the century of technology, science and modern inventions. Radio, internet and television are a proof of it. I love to read but I also love watching a good movie. If you love to read, then you are exercising your imagination by going into another world and reading about it. You can hold a book in your hands and use your imagination to reach beyond where you are. To me, holding a book and reading about other places is like nothing else. I can use my imagination and go wherever and whenever I want to go. If the author is one that you like and enjoy reading, then you are able to discover a new place and meet new people. By reading a good book, you can, as you see, visualize the place that the author is talking about. Also, by reading about the characters that are in the book, you can also visualize what the characters look like. If the author uses his or her imagination, you are able to use visualization to figure out everything that is in the book.

There is nothing like relaxing somewhere and reading a book that can take anywhere you want to go. By relaxing with a good book, you can lose yourself for a time in another world or another place. You can read about the problems or what has happened to other people while you are in this new world. You can forget the outside world, while reading a good book. You can tune out everything that you want to tune out for however long you are reading.

It is important for a person’s health, physically and otherwise, to be able to use his imagination by reading and not losing himself. If  you engage in watching television or movies for a long period of time, then you are not engaging your imagination. Yes, you are entering another world by watching the movie, but you are not using the part of the brain that you need to use in order to process the information like you would be using while reading a book. By watching a movie, you tend to be a couch potato, doing absolutely nothing but sitting and watching.

To sum up, I would like to say that books carry great significance in our lives. They are just like slow food. But it is a dilemma that TV is taking away the habit of reading.