O-Level Geography Chapter 1 Topography of Pakistan Definitions
Definitions:
Topography: It is the detailed study of the surface features of a region.
Hills and Mountains: A Hill is generally considered to be an elevated piece of land less than 600-610 meters high, and a Mountain is an elevation of land that is more than 610m high. Some hills are called mountains while some mountains are referred to as hills.
A Mountain Range: It is a succession of mountains which have the same direction, age and same causes of formation etc A snowfield is a huge permanent expanse of snow.
Relief/ topography: the condition of the land related to the rocks ups and downs eroded and depositional features like valleys, rock type, passes etc.
Drainage: it is related to the eroded and depositional! Features of the rivers like ox-low lake, meander, levees etc .all types of river patterns including dendafric is part of drainage.
Gorges: they are an irregular depression in a valley.
Cirque: are regular depression made by the movement of glaciers.
Valley: plain land between two mountains.
Passes: a natural path which connects two areas in mountainous region.
Snowfield: A plain field covered with snow usually above the snow line (4000m)
Ravine: A deep narrow gorge with steep sides
Gully: A revine formed by water activity
Glaciers: Tongue shaped mass of ice moving slow down the valley
Streams /Springs: Channels of water from snow capped mountains towards valley
Cirque/corrie: A steep walled basin or a kind of lake .example :Lake saif ul mulook
Serrated landscape: elevated mountain zone used for agriculture
Bare rock: Rock without vegetation due to accumulation of snow
Scree: Accumulation of loose rock debris
Abrasion: The scraping of rock surface frozen into the moving ice
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