Matric Notes Biology Class 10th Ch 11 Homeostasis Short Questions

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Q1: Define homeostasis and osmoregulation?

Ans: Homeostasis:

The change in the internal environment of an organism to adjust themselves and manage the changes in the external environment is called homeostasis.

Osmoregulation:

The process by which the amount of water and solutes are maintained in the body is called osmoregulation.

Q2: Differentiate between the adaptations of hydrophytes and xerophytes for osmoregulation?

Ans: Adaptations on the basis of osmoregulation:

Hydrophytes	Xerophytes
Meaning:	Meaning:
Hydro means water and phyte means plant.	Xero means dry and phyte means plant.
Adaptations:	Adaptations:
1. Hydrophytes absorb more water than they actually	1. Xerophytes or desert plants are adapt reed to scare or limited supply of water.
2. They have the adaptations to remove the excessive water	2. They show adaptations to reduce the rate of transpiration
3. The surface area of leaves in hydrophytes is very large to transpire water excessively	3. Many xerophytes possess small, thick leaves to limit water loss by reducing surface area
4. Large numbers of stomata are present on the upper surface to promote loss of water.	4. Their cuticle on the leaves and stem is thick, waxy and leathery 5. The leaves of xerophytes are reduced to spine to conserve water 6. In rainy season, their stems store water for use in dry conditions.
Examples:	Examples:
Hydrilla, water lily and phytoplankton.	Cactus, opuntia and acacia.

Q3: Briefly describe how kidneys control the composition of blood?

Ans: Working of kidney:

Kidney filter the nitrogenous wastes from the blood and excrete them from the body .In addition to this, kidney also control the water solute balance. If there are more solutes in the blood, kidney excretes them and retains water in the body. But if there is more water, kidney produces more urine to remove excess water from the body. In this way kidney perform osmoregulation.

Q4: Enlist materials in our diet which are more likely to cause kidney stones?

Ans: Explanation:

The presence of more calcium oxalate, calcium and ammonium phosphates in person’s diet (green vegetables, fats, dairy products) is the major cause of kidney stones. Extra amount of vitamins C and D in a diet may also cause stones. The other causes of kidney stones are reduced water intake, excess uric acid in the blood, urinary tract infections and alcohol consumption

Q5: Define lithotripsy?

Ans: Definition: The non-surgical removal of kidney stones is called lithotripsy.

Process: This technique is used to break up stones present in the kidney, ureter or urinary bladder. In this method, the stone inside the kidney is targeted by shock waves break the stone into tiny pieces, which are passed out of the body in the urine.

Q6: What is the role of skin in thermoregulation?

Ans: Skin as homeostatic organ:

1: Normal body temperature of human is 37C, (98.6F).
2: We can regulate the rate of metabolic heat production with the help of our skin. So, skin in human beings and other mammals is the organ of thermoregulation.
3: The rate of heat production in our body increases by increasing muscular activities during working, walking, running and shivering.
4: Some hormones also increase the heat production like thyroid and adrenal hormones.
5: In the over production of heat it is released through skin by increasing blood flow or by cooling effect of evaporation.
6: In cold temperature vasoconstriction takes place and the blood supply to skin is decreased due to this reason the skin appear to be pale or white in severe cold.
7: In warm temperature vaso dilation take place and blood supply to the skin is increased due to which excessive sweat are released which produce a cooling effect during evaporation.

Q7: Which term is used for the disease of one or both kidneys do not perform their function?

Ans: Renal failure:

Renal failure or kidney failure is the disease in which one or both kidneys do not perform their function.

Causes:

The most common causes are the long term diabetes mellitus, and hypertension severe infections in the kidney and the over use of medicine can cause kidney failure.