Matric Notes Class 10th English Book Exercise Chapter 8 Peace (Poem) Grammar Writing Skills

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Grammar

Kinds of Pronoun                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            (i) Demonstrative Pronoun

It points out the object to which it refers to. This, that, these, those.

(ii) Reflexive Pronoun

Ends in self, When action done by the subject reflects upon the subject, himself, herself.

(iii) Interrogative Pronoun

These pronoun are used to ask questions. who, whose, what,  which.

A. Identify demonstrative, reflexive and interrogative pronouns in the following sentences.

Q1. Hand me that hammer.

Ans. Demonstrative

Q2. I saw myself in the mirror.

Ans. Reflexive

Q3. Who is these?

Ans. Interrogative

Q4. He himself will be our new friend.

Ans. Reflexive

Q5. Is this your teacher’s book?

Ans. Demonstrative

Q6. Which is your Pen?

Ans. Interrogative

Participle (Verbal Adjective)

A word which is partly verbal partly adjective.

Present Participle

All present participle end in –ing. The smiling face, the laughing man.

Past Participle

The past participle of all regular verbs end in –ed. the tired boy, the injured man, (irregular verbs have various past participles; thrown, ridden, built).

Present and Past Participle uses as Adjectives

Example:

I was amused by the way she acted in the play.

Do you find this type of humor amusing?

B. Choose appropriate participles.

1. (a) The movie was really (interested / interesting).

Ans. The movie was really interesting.

(b) I thought it was a good lecture, but I wasn’t very (interested / interesting) in the topic.

Ans. I thought it was a good lecture, but I wasn’t very interested.

2. (a) Out town is so (bored / boring). There is nothing to do here.

Ans. Our town is so boring. There is nothing to do here.

(b) Are you __ (bored / boring) with that game already?

Ans. Are you bored with that game already?

3. (a) Have you heard her laugh? It’s so (annoyed / annoying).

Ans. Have you heard her laugh? It’s so annoying.

(b) I’m really __ (annoyed / annoying) with one of my co-workers.

Ans. I’m really annoyed with one of my co-workers.

4. (a) The city was ___ (damaged / damaging) during the storm.

Ans. The city was damaged during the storm.

(b) The information was quite __ (damaged / damaging) to his reputation.

Ans. The information was quite damaging to his reputation.

5. (a) The treatment is really great. It makes me feel so __ (relaxed / relaxing).

Ans. The treatment is really great. It makes me feel so relaxed.

(b) I didn’t like that movie. I thought it was too __ (depressed / depressing).

Ans. I didn’t like that movie. I thought it was too depressing.

Gerund Phrase.

The gerund phrase includes gerund and the object of the gerund or any modifier related to the gerund.

In the following example, the gerund is bold and the gerund phrase is underlined.

The student gathered signatures for increasing the hours of the library.

Infinitive Phrase

The infinitive phrase includes the infinitive and the object of the infinitive or any modifier related to the infinitive.

In the following example, the infinitive is bold and the object of the infinitive is underlined.

Every cricket team has a captain to direct the other players.

Prepositional Phrase

The prepositional phrase includes the preposition and the object of the preposition or any modifiers related to the preposition.

In the following example, the preposition is bold and the prepositional phrase is underlined.

Hamza could hear her sister snoring across the room.

C. Identify gerund phrase, infinitive phrases and prepositional phrases in the following sentences.

1. Maria fell over the cat.

• Infinitive phrase
• Gerund phrase
• Prepositional phrase

2. The strikers held a meeting to discuss the terms of employers.

• Infinitive phrase
• Gerund phrase
• Prepositional phrase

3. After learning the parts of speech, the class began studying punctuation.

• Infinitive phrase
• Gerund phrase
• Prepositional phrase

4. Will someone be here soon to open the door?

• Infinitive phrase
• Gerund phrase
• Prepositional phrase

5. Talha visited Turkey while studying the history of Turkish art.

• Infinitive phrase
• Gerund phrase
• Prepositional Phrase

6. Before putting too much effort into the project, you should get some guidance from your boss.

• Infinitive phrase
• Gerund phrase
• Prepositional phrase

7. Does the captain want us to lower the sails, before we enter the harbor?

• Infinitive phrase
• Gerund phrase
• Prepositional phrase

Writing Skills

A. What is the central idea of this poem?

Nature teaches us lesson through wind, water, mountains and light. Wind, in the form of storm smashes everything. On the other hand when the wind pauses, there is stillness and peace. We have to experience storms to enjoy peace.

B. Paraphrase the stanzas of the poem.

Stanza 1: The wind is now, ... broken flying.

Reference: These lines have been taken from the poem ‘Peace’ composed by Dr. Hartman.

Context: Nature teaches us lesson through wind, water, mountains and light. Wind, in the form of storm smashes everything. On the other hand when the wind pauses, there is stillness and peace. We have to experience storms to enjoy peace.

Explanation: In the given lines, the poetess describes the destruction and chaos, brought about by the apparent face of wind. It roars and smashes everything. It is so intense that it takes the form of the monster. The poet further explains that it levels everything whether valleys or vales. When it spins, it crushes everything and the things get cracked. It ruins and blows away everything. In this way, it rakes all the work done by man.

Stanza 2: But all of that … and unimportant.

Reference: These lines have been taken from the poem ‘Peace’ composed by Dr. Hartman.

Context: Nature teaches us lesson through wind, water, mountains and light. Wind, in the form of storm smashes everything. On the other hand when the wind pauses, there is stillness and peace. We have to experience storms to enjoy peace.

Explanation: In the given lines the poetess says that the destruction brought about by the wind is its apparent face. Its internal face is stillness. After the wind stops blowing, there comes the peace which is the outcome of destruction. The atmosphere becomes very pleasant. The bright blue sky is worth seeing. When the cool gentle breeze rustles with the leaves of the trees, it creates soothing and musical sound. The breeze seems whispering. This is exactly what we call the real face of the wind.

C. Write the summary of the poem “Peace”.

This poem has been written by Dr. Silvia Hartmann. The main these of the poem is wind that is fierce while in rage but gentle at its core. We have to experience storms to enjoy peace.

In this poem, the poetess describes  the destruction and chaos brought about the apparent face of the wind. It roars and smashes everything. It is so intense that it takes the form of the monster. She further explains that is levels everything whether valleys or vales. When is spins, it crushes everything and the things get cracked. It ruins and blows away everything. In this way, it rakes all the work done by man.

Moreover, the poetess says that the destruction brought about by the wind is its apparent face. Its internal face is stillness. After the wind stops blowing, there comes the peace which is the outcome of destruction. The atmosphere becomes very pleasant. The bright blue sky is worth seeing. When the cool gentle breeze rustles with the leaves of the trees, it creates soothing and musical sound. The breeze seems whispering. This is exactly what we call the real face of the wind. The poetess concludes her view point by saying that the entire chaos and destruction becomes meaningless and unimportant when we come across the real beautiful and enchanting face of wind. That is nothing other than peace.

D. Write an account of a natural disaster in 170 to 200 words.

A Natural Disaster

Last year, I was in Lahore during summer vacation. As the rainy season drew near, it started raining heavily. The water level in the river Ravi began to rise. Soon the water began to overflow the banks. When we heard of the flood, we, under the organization of a voluntary social welfare society “Friends” planned to visit the flooded villages. It was terrible. There was water everywhere.

The current was strong. Men and animals struggled between life and death. Many things were seen floating on the water. Here and there we could see the carcasses on the surface of water. Water seemed to be devouring all. Some villagers climbed up the trees to save their lives but they had nothing to eat or drink.

Their condition was very miserable. We tried hard and threw some packets of food from the helicopter and even rescued some people. The flood caused a great havoc. Many houses had collapsed and many people became homeless. A large number of trees were up-rooted. Traffic remained dislocated for weeks. Crops were completely destroyed. As the means of communication were all under water, therefore, access was possible only by boats. Many people met a watery grave.

After three days, the flood began to subside. The people felt relieved. The government also rose to the occasion and began to help the people.

The victims could have started normal life again only after two or three months. But they will never be able to forget the hardships they had to experience.