O-Level History and Culture of Pakistan Paper 1 Chapter 3: The British in India 4 Marks Questions

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Q1. What was the East India Company?

Ans.

1. The East India Trading Company was a Company set up by British Merchants to trade with India.

2. Its first port was set up at Surat. The East India Company gained power and created a private army.

3. It made a major role in establishing British Reign in the subcontinent.

4. The East India Company was finished through India Act 1858 after War of Independence.

Q2. What was the Reason for British Interest to trade with India?

Ans.

1. The British was interested in the Indian Wealth of Spices and Mineral Resources.

2. The British wanted to use and take control over the major trade routes to control World Trade and they all passed through the subcontinent.

3. The British wanted to eliminate all other countries from competitions.

4. The British wanted to trade for its economic growth..

Q3. What effect did British Have on Indians?

Ans.

1. The British caused a change in Indian culture.

2. The British caused the increase in resentment and misery in the Indians.

3. They developed India’s infrastructure thus taking Indians towards development.

4. The British changed the religion of people and the laws they were following.

Q4. Who was Robert Clive?

Ans.

1. Clive is considered as the founder of British rule in the subcontinent.

2. He was victorious leader in Battle of Plassey against Nawab of Bengal.

3. He became the Governor of Bengal and was later convicted of corruption.

4. He commited suicide at the age of 49 due to addiction to opium and destruction of prestige.

Q5. What was the Doctrine of Lapse?

Ans.

1. Doctrine of Lapse was a document (A Law) issued by British.

2. It stated that any ruler who does not have any male heir will have his land taken in British possession after his death.

3. The land of Jhansi suffered from this law.

4. The Doctrine caused a lot of resentment and played a major role in the British Expantion in the subcontinent.

Q6. What were the Subsidiary Alliances?

Ans.

1. The Subsidiary Alliances were another tool in the British expansionism introduced by Lord Wellesley in 1798.

2. These Alliances were formed between the ruler of a state and the British.

3. According to them, the ruler was given British protection while the state was controlled by the British in actual.

4. Many states fell prey to them and due to them British were able to take over a vast area of land in the Subcontinent.

5. The State of Hyderabad was the first to form this alliance.

Q7. What was the Pitts India Act 1784?

Ans.

1. This introduced a Governor General to oversee the business in India.

2. Introduced a Board of Control which was to decide all political matters in India and appoint any Senior Officer there.

3. The Company’s Trading Wing only to deal with trade.

4. This Act was the sign that British Government was not ready to loose India and because the Company was going bankrupt so from stopping its corruption to strengthen its hold over India this Act was passed.

Q8. Why was the India Act 1784 passed?

Ans.

1. The East India Company was going Bankrupt.

2. To Try the corrupt officials and remove them.

3. To save the company from falling.

4. To strengthen hold over Indian land and trade as now the parliament had started to show keen interest in it.

Q9. What were the reasons for the fall of East India Company?

Ans.

1. The company became bankrupt. It lost its monopoly.

2. Other companies wanted to share the Indian trading monopoly.

3. British government achieved its purpose of capturing the subcontinent by blaming EIC of War of Independence.

4. India Act 1858 abolished the company and the British government took over the company’s assets.

Q10. How did the British treat the lands they had taken control of?

Ans.

1. They tried to westernize different lands.

2. They took complete hold over the major cities and states like Punjab.

3. Obedient rulers were placed over smaller states.

4. Some lands were taken from the rulers as hey were thought to be inefficient.

5. British tried its best to get maximum benefit from the lands they taken over.

Q11. What did British do about religion in Subcontinent?

Ans.

1. They first try to adopt nuetrility.

2. Later they allowed Christian Missioaries to enter India to spread Christianity.

3. The Entry of Christian Missionaries strengthened the beliefs of British and they started to belief themselves as superior.

4. The British and Christian missionaries became intolerant of Indian Values. Very few people changed their religion.

Q12. What was the result of Indian Uprising in 1857?

Ans.

1. End of EIC’s role. Relations between Indian and British worsened.

2. Muslims simply refused to cooperate due to harsh treatment of British.

3. The British presence was not accepted by overwhelming majority.

Q13. How did rebellion affect British?

Ans.

1. It cost them a great deal of money.

2. It shocked the British.

3. They realized that Indians had to be given some rights.

4. They became harsh towards the Indians.

Q14. Who was Warren Hastings?

Ans.

1. He was the First Governor General of Bengal.

2. Previously he had worked with the East India Company and risen through the ranks.

3. He extended British Controlled India by fighting war aginst Hyder Ali of Mysore and Marathas.

4. He took bribes in organizing these ventures and had to return to Britain facing charges of corruption.

5. He was cleared in the end but his reputation was ruined.

Q15. How did introduction of Railway system played an important role in India?

Ans.

1. The Railway played an important role as it was used to transfer army effectively throughout India.

2. The Railway opened for public and became the main public transport to different cities.

3. It played an important role in British Victory in the War of Independence for troops were quickly transferred from one place to another to put down rebellion.

4. It was important in communication because telegraph line was laid along railway line for sending instant messages.

Q16. Why was British annexation over Sindh was considered a shameful British Act?

Ans.

1. British pride was hurt so to restore its pride it attacked Sindh.

2. British wanted to show Muslims they were Still powerful.

3. British broke a Friendship treaty with rulers of Sindh.

4. The British people considered it a wrong act in Britain.

Q17. What was the Suez Canal Dispute?

Ans.

1. The Suez Canal was used by British and French for trade as it cut the route to India nearly by Half.

2. The Egypt decided to nationalize the use of this canal.

3. British and French started War over the Canal as they wanted to capture the Empire.

4. British captured the Canal.

5. Later UNO decided upon the Canal Dispute and returned its control to Egypt.

Q18. What was the Black Hole Incident?

Ans.

1. The Incident in which many British people died.

2. Nawab Siraj captured Fort William of Calcutta.

3. He captured British residents and locked them in small room.

4. 23 people died out of 64 people.

5. The British was angered and this led to Battle of Plassey.

Q19. What is meant by Westernization?

Ans.

1. A word used for the changes the British brought in subcontinent.

2. They brought Western culture and language.

3. They brought Christian missionaries.

4. They brought Western education and technology.

5. They tried to make Indians, ‘Liberal Mindeed’.

6. The telegraph threatened Indian culture.

Q20 What is Sutee?

Ans.

1. Sutee was a old hindu tradition.

2. In it the widow was also burned with the dead body of her husband.

3. British believing it to cruel abolished the use of Sutee.

4. This decision was gladly welcomed.

5. Christian Missionaries and Ram Mohan Roy forced Governor General Bentrick to outlaw this practice.

Q21 What is thugee?

Ans.

1. These were robbers worshiping a goddess in upper and central India.

2. They used a ritual to murder people.

3. In 1830, under Colonel Saleeman, 2000 thugs were caught.

4. This step was welcomed by all.

Q22 What was Kanpur Incident?

Ans.

1. At Kanpur, troops killed many Europeans.

2. They were led by Nana Sahib who had a personal grievance over British.

3. When British was allowed safe passage, Nana Sahib opened fire on barges.

4. All soldiers with 300 children were killed.

5. 4 soldiers, 100 women and children were imprisoned. They were all killed.