O-Level History and Culture of Pakistan Paper 1 Chapter 1: The Decline of Mughals 4 Marks Questions

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Q1. Who was Aurangzeb Alamgir?

Ans.

1. Aurangzeb was the last great emperor of Mughal Empire who took over the throne after Shah Jahan.

2. He was a courageous man who spent much of his time fighting wars and trying to administrate the empire efficiently.

3. He was a deeply religious man; he Wrote out copies of Quran and tried to impose Jizya tax Non Muslims.

4. Aurangzeb was a just ruler and had a very simple character. Aurangzeb increased the size of Mughal Empire by capturing all but the very southern part of India.

Q2. What kind of man was Aurangzeb?

Ans.

1. Aurangzeb was a deeply religious person; who wrote out copies of Quran and made the famous Pearl Mosque.

2. He was a disciplined ruler with high administrative qualities due to which he was able to run the empire for a long time.

3. He was a just ruler and a brave one, whose main ambition was to increase his territory for which he believed it right to use any means.

4. He was a person who could be ruthless to his own kith and kin like he killed his own brother in the battle over the Empire.

Q3. What was the Jizya Controversy?

Ans.

1. Aurangzeb imposed the non Muslim tax again on the Indians.

2. This tax had been abolished long ago by Akbar.

3.  The non Muslims, specially Hindus were angered as it was a tax abolished long ago.

4. It was a differential tax and was considered as enforcement to convert to Islam.

5. It was criticized as a way of supporting the long drawn costly wars and as a financial assistance.

Q4. Was Aurangzeb responsible for the decline of Mughal Empire?

Ans.

1. To some extent Aurangzeb could be responsible for he built a lot of buildings which drained the treasury quicker than expected like the Pearl Mosque for his personal prayers.

2. Aurangzeb fought long costly wars to capture more land and to fight of the invaders.

3. He could not administer very efficiently for he was often away from his capital.

4. His policy of heavy taxes caused hardships for his people.

Q5. Who were the Marathas?

Ans.

1. The Marathas was a powerful group of people who were skilled as Guerrilla fighters.

2. They were devoted to Hinduism and had grown in power during the 17th century and they were the expected rulers after Mughals due to their power.

3. Aurangzeb was unable to crush the Marathas of Deccan which proved their power.

4. In 1760 they even occupied Delhi. They were defeated in the Third Battle of Paniput.

Q6. How were the Marathas Defeated?

Ans.

1. The Marathas were defeated by there inner weaknesses.

2. They controlled more land than any ruler but not all was in one place.

3. Their unity and loyalty to the main Peshwa decreased and their power began to deteriorate.

4. Than they were crushed in the 3rd Battle of Paniput in 1761 by the invading army of Ahmed Shah Abdali.

5. They suffered heavy casualties in this battle and lost all their ambitions of ruling the Empire.

Q7. How did invasions weaken the Mughal Empire?

Ans.

1. The invasions drained the Mughal Empire and destroyed its prestige.

2. The Persian Invasion under Nadir Shah resulted in Delhi getting sacked and the Empire getting looted.

3. The famous peacock throne of Mughals was taken away by Nadir Shah.

4. Ahmed Shah Abdali led 10 Invasions in Northern India and looted the Empire.

Q8. Who was Ahmed Shah Abdali?

Ans.

1. Ahmed Shah Abdali was and Afghan leader who led Afghan Army in the Indian Territory and raided the Mughal Empire.

2. He was also known as Ahmed Shah Durrani due to his leadership and military skills.

3. His military skills achieved the victory over Marathas in the 3rd Battle of Paniput.

4. He had to turn back because of the mutiny of his followers instead of capturing the empire.

Q9) What kind of ruler was Aurangzeb?

Ans.

1. Aurangzeb was a determined ruler and a good administrator.

2. He tried to organize the empire strictly in accordance to Islamic Law.

3. He tried to control moral behavior of people through a strict rule.

4. His main ambition was to expand his territory and authority over Islam.