Matric Notes Physics 10th Chapter 18 Atomic And Nuclear Physics Conceptual Questions

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Note: In the representation of element the first no is atomic number and second is atomic mass

Q1. Is it possible for an element to have different types of atoms? Explain.

Ans. Yes, It is possible for an atom to have different type of atoms called isotope. For example Hydrogen has three types of atoms i.e. ¹ ₁ H, ² ₁ H, ³ ₁ H. They have same atomic number but different mass number.

Q2. Which nuclear reaction would release more energy, the fission reaction or the fusion reaction? Explain.

Ans. Fusion reaction releases, more energy. A large amount of energy is required to start this reaction. This reaction release  25.7 MeV energy.

Q3. Which has more penetrating power, alpha particle, or gamma ray photon? Explain.

Ans. Gamma ray have more penetrating power as compared to alpha particle, because of its greater speed, and less interacting power. These rays have high energy chargeless and massless photons.

Q4. What is the difference between natural and artificial radioactivity?

Ans. Natural Radioactivity: The spontaneous emission of radiation by unstable nuclei is called natural radioactivity.

Artificial Radioactivity: The process in which stable nuclide can be changed into unstable nuclide by bombardment of particles like neutrons is called artificial radioactivity.

Q5. How long would you like to wait to watch any sample of radioactive atoms to completely decay?

Ans. According to radioactive decay rule, none of the elements can decay completely. It depends upon the half life of radioactive element. The total decay time of any radioactive element is infinite, so to observe the complete decay, we have to wait for infinite amount of time.

Q6. Which type of natural radioactivity leave the number of protons and the number of neutrons in the nucleus unchanged?

Ans. In case of gamma emission, the number of protons as well as number of neutrons remain unchanged.

^A _Z X *(Parent nuclide)-----> ^A _Z X(daughter nuclide) + γ (gamma rays)

Q7. How much of a 1-gram sample of pure radioactive matter would be left after four half-lives.

Ans. The No. of elements left after four half lives will be:

N = N_O x 1/2 ^t

N = (1g) x 1/2 ⁴

N = 1g x 1/16

N = 0.0625g

Q8. Tritium, ³ ₁ H is radioactive isotope of hydrogen. It decays by emitting an electron. What is the daughter nucleus?

Ans. ³ ₁ H + ¹ ₀ n ----> ⁴ ₂ He + ⁰ _-1 β

Hence the daughter nucleus is Helium (⁴ ₂ He).

Q9. What information about the structure of the nitrogen atom can be obtained from its nuclide ¹⁴ ₇ N? In what way atom in  ¹⁴ ₇ N is different from the atom is ¹⁶ ₇ N?

Ans. In ¹⁴ ₆ N

Number of electrons = 7

Number of protons = 7

Number of neutrons = 7

But in ¹⁶ ₆ N number of neutron are 9. So it is different from ¹⁴ ₆ N.

¹⁴ ₆ N is more stable as compared to ¹⁶ ₆ N .