Matric Notes Class IX Pakistan Studies Important Characteristics of the Constitution of 1956 and 1962
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Constitution of 1956
The Legislative Assembly prepared first Constitution in 1956 which was enforced on March 1956. At that time Chaudhry Mohammad Ali was the Prime Minister. This constitution remained in action till 7th October 1958.
Important Features of the Constitution of 1956
Islamic Republic of Pakistan
Pakistan was declared as an Islamic Republic.
Federal Parliamentary System
Federal Parliamentary system was introduced in the country.
Sovereignty of Allah
It was affirmed that all powers belong to Allah and exercised through the elected representatives.
Lives According to Islam
People were provided necessary environment to lead their life according to Islam. Minorities were guaranteed full religious freedom.
Citizen Right
Full civic rights were guaranteed to citizen.
Independent Judiciary
Judiciary was guaranteed an independent work. Judges were given security of services.
Urdu and Bengali as National Languages
Urdu and Bengali were declared as national languages under the 1956 constitution.
Written Constitution
1956 constitution was written in home.
Abrogation of the Constitution
1956 constitution was approved after hard work of nine years but due to multiple reasons it did not last for long in October 1958 constitution was abrogated. Commander in Chief of Pakistan Army General Mohammad Ayub Khan imposed Martial Law by dissolving the cabinet and Federal Legislature. He assumed the office of President and Martial Law Administrator.
Important Characteristics of the Constitution of 1962
Constitution of 1962
President Ayub Khan established a Constitutional Commission. This commission sent its recommendations. According to these recommendations a new constitution was prepared and enforced on 8th June, 1962 and Martial Law was finished.
The Main Features of 1962 Constitution
Following are the main features of constitution of 1962:
Written Constitution
The constitution was in written form and it constituted of 250 articles and 5 schedules.
Federal Constitution
The constitution was federal in nature.
Presidential Form of Government
Presidential form of Government was enforced instead of parliamentary system.
Islamic Issues
Various Islamic provisions were incorporated in the constitution i.e. sovereignty of Allah and exercises of power through the elected representatives of people. Pakistan was named as Islamic republic of Pakistan. It Head must be a Muslim as compulsory.
Basic Human Rights
People were given fundamental rights.
National Languages
Urdu and Bengali were declared the national language of Pakistan.
Failure of Constitution of 1962
In 1968-69 the political parties of the country started agitation against Ayub Khan and Presidential system, enforced parliamentary system and democratic constitution. This movement became much powerful within few months and there were agitations seen everywhere in the country. As a result of such situation on 25th March, 1969 President Ayub Khan resigned and transferred his powers to Commander in Chief Yahya Khan. He abrogated the constitution of 1962 and enforced Martial Law in the country.
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